Fight or flight are not the only common responses to a traumatic event. I addressed this a bit in a column published on November 22, 2022 explaining that some authors describe “4 F’s”: fight, flight, ...

Janet Bayramyan, LCSW, is a psychotherapist and owner of Road to Wellness. She has more than eight years of experience as a trauma therapist and is licensed in California, Florida, South Carolina, ...

Self-compassion often fails after complex trauma, not because it is wrong, but because survival comes first. Attunement is the verb that builds safety before kindness is possible.

“The ‘four F’s’ – fight, flight, freeze and fawn – refer to automatic nervous system responses to a perceived threat,” Caitlyn Oscarson, a licensed marriage and family therapist, told HuffPost. “These ...

Before Porges’ (2011) polyvagal theory became widely known, it was commonly thought that the autonomous nervous system has only two branches: the sympathetic system which manages in times of stress, ...

Does your body remember what your mind tries to forget A psychologist explains how trauma manifests as physical tension why the body keeps the score and simple ways to heal ...

Past trauma casts long shadows over present relationships, creating invisible barriers to intimacy and connection that both partners often struggle to understand. When traumatic experiences remain ...